KEY RESOURCES

Browse the Key Resources

listed and broken down by module.

Table of Contents

Introduction

• UN Secretary-General (2020). Speech transcript: Secretary-General’s Nelson Mandela Lecture: “Tackling the Inequality Pandemic: A New Social Contract for a New Era”.
• Saferworld (2019). Briefing: Time to invest: how to support action on SDG16, p. 4.
• Kindornay, S. (2019). Presentation: Progressing National SDGs Implementation: Fourth Edition: An independent assessment of ​the Voluntary National Review ​reports submitted to the High-level Political Forum in 2019.
• OECD (2018). Development Co-operation Report 2018: Joining Forces to Leave No One Behind: Chapter 6: Putting the last first? Civil society’s role in leaving no one behind. OECD Publishing, Paris.
• P4R (2021). Leave No One Behind.
• High-Level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF 2020). Secretariat Background Note: Launching the decade of action at a time of crisis: Keeping the focus on the SDGs while combating COVID-19, 3.
• United Nations. (2020) Decade of Action – United Nations Sustainable Development. TAP Network 2030 (2020). SDG Accountability Portal: About the Campaign for a Decade of Accountability for the SDGs.

Background

• United Nations (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• The 17 Goals.
• Global Alliance for Reporting Progress on SDG 16 (2019) Enabling the implementation of the 2030 Agenda through SDG16+: Anchoring peace, justice and inclusion e UNDP (2018). Discussion Paper on “What Does It Mean to Leave No One Behind?”.
• TAP Network (2016). Goal 16 Advocacy Toolkit: A practical guide for stakeholders for national-level advocacy around Peaceful, Just and Inclusive Societies, p. 17.
• Antonio Maria Costa, UNODC (2008). Rule of law: A “missing” Millennium Development Goal. Speech Transcript:
• UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) (2020). 2020 VNR Handbook.
• For more on SDG 16 and SDG 16+, please see the Pathfinders Roadmap and the Global Alliance’s “Elements” of Peace, Justice and Inclusion.
• For more on the VNR process, please see the UN DESA’s 2020 VNR Handbook.
• Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Voluntary National Reviews Database.
• United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
• Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Voluntary National Reviews Database.
• UN Statistics & White & Case (2019). Voluntary National Review (VNR) Aggregated Chart – 2019 Review: SDG16+ Focus.
• Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform. Voluntary National Reviews Database.
• Global Alliance (2020). A Guide to Report on SDG 16 in Voluntary National Reviews.
• UN Women (2020). Guidance Note: PREPARATIONS FOR GENDER RESPONSIVE VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEWS FOR UN WOMEN COUNTRY AND REGIONAL OFFICES.
• TAP Network 2030 and GIZ (2020). SDG16 in VNRs and Spotlight Reports: Reporting on Progress, Reflecting on Inclusive Accountability Measures and Recommendations for going ahead.
• TAP Network (2019). SDG Accountability Handbook: A Practical Guide for Civil Society, p. 6.
• The Economist 25 Oct, 2021, As Sudan’s government wobbles, coups are making a comeback | The Economist
• COVID-19 Civic Freedom Tracker. ICNL.
• Gross, O. (2020). Emergency Powers in the Time of Coronavirus…and Beyond. Just Security.
• Cordaid International (2020). COVID-19 pandemic puts civic space under persistent threat.
• Edelman Trust Barometer (2021)
• UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), International IDEA & IDLO (2019). Conference in preparation for HLPF2019 – SDG16 Conference: Peace, Justice Inclusive Societies, 2.
• UNDESA, International IDEA & IDLO (2019). Conference in preparation for HLPF2019 – SDG16 Conference: Peace, Justice, Inclusive Societies. 3.
• UN DESA (2020). The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, 4.
• OECD 2020 Official Development Assistance Levels and Trends Release, 13 April 2021 –

1. INTEGRATING‌ ‌VNR‌ ‌FINDINGS‌ ‌INTO‌ ‌GOVERNMENT‌ ‌ARCHITECTURE‌

• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda Through SDG 16+: Anchoring Peace, Justice and Inclusion, 24 & 52
• Cázarez-Grageda, K. (2018). The Whole of Society Approach: Levels of engagement and meaningful participation of different stakeholders in the review process of the 2030 Agenda, p. 8. Partners for Review and GIZ.
• UN DESA (2019). World Public Sector Report: Sustainable Development Goal 16: Focus on Public Institutions, xv. UN DESA (2019). World Public Sector Report: Sustainable Development Goal 16: Focus on Public Institutions, p. 95.
• UN DESA (2019). HLPF 2019 Voluntary National Reviews Synthesis Report, p. 18.
• TAP Network 2030. SDG Accountability Portal: Connecting with Designated Government SDG Bodies and Ministries.
• SDG Knowledge Platform. HLPF 2020 VNR Lab Event: “Aligning reporting processes: Voluntary National Reviews and international human rights mechanisms”.
• Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (2020) Assessment of ASEAN Countries’ Concrete SDG Implementation Efforts: Policies and Budgets Reported in their 2016-2020 Voluntary National Reviews.

2. THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENT AND PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEES

• GOPAC, UNDP, IDB (2019). Parliament’s Role in Implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, p. 10.
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (2017). Global Parliamentary Report 2017—Parliamentary oversight: Parliament’s power to hold the government to account, p. 24.
• P4R (2019) Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, p. 5.
• TAP Network (2019). SDG Accountability Handbook: A Practical Guide for Civil Society, p. 24.
• Inter-Parliamentary Union & United Nations Development Programme (2016). Parliaments and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Self-Assessment Toolkit, p. 7.
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (2019). Institutionalization of the SDGs in the work of parliaments, p. 3.
• Government of UK (2019) UK’s progress on the Sustainable Development Goals: The Voluntary National Review: Government Response to the Committee’s Twelfth Report.
• Parliament of the Republic of Fiji (2017). The Parliament of Fiji and the Sustainable Development Goals: A Self-Assessment (Rep.)
• UNDP Pacific Office in Fiji (2019). Oversight of the Implementation of the Sustainable

3. THE ROLE OF SUPREME AUDIT INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER OVERSIGHT BODIES

• SDG Accountability Portal. Utilizing Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs). 

4. LOCALIZING VNR FINDINGS THROUGH SUBNATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

• Guatemala: National Priorities for the Development of Territories (local2030.org)
• Government of Oaxaca (2019). Voluntary Subnational Report. 
• One NYC 2050 (webpage). 
• OECD (2019). A Territorial Approach to the Sustainable Development Goals, p. 4. 
• https://en.unesco.org/news/local-action-global-goals-measuring-progress-access-information-pakistan

5. CIVIL SOCIETY ENGAGEMENT, ‘LEAVING NO ONE BEHIND’, AND OWNERSHIP AT ALL LEVELS

• Finland Voluntary National Review 2020
• Saferworld (2018). Building a peaceful, just and inclusive Somaliland: SDG16+ priorities for action
• Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation (2020). Spotlight Reports: A Missing Link for Accountability at the High-Level Political Forum –
• TAP Network 2030. Share your SDG16 “Spotlight” Reports
• Civil Society Platform for Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (CSPPS) (2019). Reporting for the Future: Final Report Ready for Review 2019, p17 and 53 I
• United Nations (2015). Transforming our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, preamble.
• Rome Civil Society Declaration on SDG 16+
• OECD (2018). Development Cooperation Report 2019. Chapter 6: Putting the last first? Civil society’s role in leaving no one behind.
• CCIC (2019) Fourth Edition. Independent VNR assessment, Indigenous Peoples Major Group for Sustainable Development (2020)
• Open Government Partnership
• TAP Network 2030 (2021). SDG16 Reporting Guidelines
• Saferworld (2018). Building a peaceful, just and inclusive Somaliland: SDG16+ priorities for action.
• TAP Network 2030, Asia Development Alliance, and FORUS (2020). Empowering Civil Society for National Reporting and Action on SDG16.
• UN OHCHR (2017). Guidelines on the right to participate in public affairs.
• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda Through SDG 16+: Anchoring Peace, Justice and Inclusion, 66.

6. TOWARDS MEANINGFUL PRIVATE SECTOR ENGAGEMENT

• P4R (2019). Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, p. 31. The SDG Business Forum was established in 2016. Its 2020 iteration is focused on generating a compendium of SDG Acceleration Actors for the Decade of Action and Delivery as one of its outcomes.
• OECD, UNDP (2020). Framework for SDG Aligned Finance.
• P4R (2021). Partners for Review 2021 VNR Analysis.
• TAP Network & UNDP (2020). Detailed Event Summary: ‘Strengthening Post-VNR Best Practices on SDG 16’, 10 March 2020.
• UN Global Compact (2018). Global Compact Local Networks: Accelerating National SDG Implementation.
• Ventura, L (2020). Corruption can have no place in our COVID-19 recovery. World Economic Forum.
• Global Compact Network South Africa (2019). Private Sector Contribution to South Africa’s 2019 Voluntary National Review on Sustainable Development Goals, 161.
• White & Case LLP (2020). Homepage (webpage).
• Oslo Governance Centre (2019). Global Alliance, “White & Case Review of the 2019 Voluntary National Reports (VNRs)”, Summary report.
• P4R (2019). Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, 16.
• Government of Ghana (2019). Voluntary National Review (VNR) Report on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, 27.
• Government of Iceland Prime Minister’s Office (2019). Iceland’s Implementation of 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Voluntary National Review, 17.
• Global Alliance (2020). A Guide to Report on SDG 16 in Voluntary National Reviews
• Government of Mexico (2019). VNR Sustainable Development Knowledge Platform
• Statement from Business Leaders for Renewed Global Cooperation
• Swiss Peace (2020). Execurtive Summary: STRENGTHENING CORPORATE REPORTING ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL 16 PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS
• UN Global Compact (2019). SDG 16 Business Framework Inspiring Transformational Governance

7. ENGAGING ACADEMIA, RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS, THE MEDIA AND JOURNALISTS

• P4R (2019). Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, p. 31.
• UN General Assembly (2015). RES/70/1 Transforming out world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• UNDP and UNESCO (2019). Entry points for media development to support peaceful just and inclusive societies and Agenda 2030 – a background discussion note, pg 2.
• UNESCO’s 2020 World Trends report in Freedom of Expression and Media Development specifically finds that the greatest menace to editorial independence in a growing number of countries across the world is media capture, a form of media control that is achieved through systematic steps by governments and interest groups.
• Article 19 (2019). The Global Expression Report (2018-19) (webpage).
• UNESCO (2019). Powering sustainable development with access to information: highlights from the 2019 UNESCO monitoring and reporting of SDG indicator 16.10.2. UNESCO Digital Library.
• The 30 countries with access to information laws were: Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burkina Faso, Chile, Côte D’Ivoire, Croatia, Fiji, Ghana, Guatemala, Guyana, Iceland, Indonesia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Mongolia, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Philippines, Rwanda, Serbia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Timor-Leste, Tunisia, Turkey, UK, Tanzania and Vanuatu.
• Dragomir, M. (2020). Reporting facts: free from fear or favour: preview of In Focus report on World Trends in Freedom of Expression and Media Development. UNESCO Digital Library.
• United Nations (2020) The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020, p. 21. UN Stats.
• Global Forum For Media Development (2020). Joint Emergency Appeal for Journalism and Media Support.
• RTI and Centre for Law and Democracy (2020). Database: COVID-19 Tracker.
• UN DESA (2019). HLPF 2019 Voluntary National Reviews Synthesis Report, p. 30.
• Long G. (2017). Universities, Academics and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Global Policy.
• South African SDG Hub (webpage). University of Pretoria.
• Government of South Africa (2019). South Africa Voluntary National Review 2019, p. 100.
• UN Global Compact (2018). Global Compact Local Networks: Accelerating National SDG Implementation, 4.
• UN Global Compact. Who we are: The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact

8. PUBLIC AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS, PRESENTING THE VNR TO THE PUBLIC AND STRENGTHENING GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY AND TRANSPARENCY

• TAP Network (2019). SDG Accountability Handbook: A Practical Guide for Civil Society, p. 80.
• United Nations Department Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) (2019). Handbook for the Preparation of the Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 2019 Edition, p. 17.
• UN Global Compact. Who we are: The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact (webpage)
• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda Through SDG 16+: Anchoring Peace, Justice and Inclusion, p. 48.
• Partners for Review (2019). Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, p. 30.
• Secretaría de Planificación y Programación de la Presidencia (SEGEPLAN) (2019). Revisión Nacional Voluntaria 2019: El Camino Hacia El Desarrollo Sostenible.
• Partners for Review (2019). Voluntary National Reviews submitted to the 2019 High-level Political Forum for Sustainable Development – a Comparative Analysis, p. 32

9. The Role of National Human Rights Institutions and Advancing SDG 16
Produced by Saionara König-Reis, Danish Institute for Human Rights

• DIHR. Intro to National Human Rights Institutions
• OHCHR | Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions
• UN General Assembly (1993). A/RES/48/134, Principles relating to the Status of National Institutions (The Paris Principles) (1993).
• GANHRI (2019).  Chart of the Status of Accreditation. 
• High-Level Political Forum (2020) Aligning reporting processes: Voluntary National Reviews and international human rights mechanisms. VNR Lab 13 July 2020.
• DIHR. Human Rights Data Explorer.
• OHCHR (2020). Video: National Recommendations Tracking Database.
• OHCHR Universal Human Rights Index (UHRI)
• OAS/Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (IACHR): About Inter-American SIMORE.
• DIHR (2019). National Human Rights Institutions: Accelerators, Guarantors and Indicators of Sustainable Development, pp. 5-6.
• DIHR. National human rights institutions – Accelerators, Guarantors and Indicators of Sustainable Development
• DIHR (2018). Human Rights and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned and Next Steps. p. 4.
• DIHR. The Human Rights Guide to the SDGs’.
• Asia Forum (2015). The Mérida Declaration: The Role of National Human Rights Institutions in implementing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• Carol C. Ngang (2019). Kigali Declaration and Plan of Action on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the African Agenda 2063 and the role of National Human Rights Institutions
• African Union (2013). Agenda 2063: The Africa We Want.
• The Danish Institute for Human Rights (2019). National human rights institutions as a driving force for sustainable development
• “A Rough Guide to the Regional Human Rights Systems”, Universal Rights Group.
• the Palestinian Independent Commission for Human Rights.
• See Terms of Reference of the SDG 16 Team.
• Feiring, Birgitte and König-Reis, Saionara (2020). Leveraging Human Rights Mechanisms to Improve SDG Follow-up and Review, Making the HLPF More Inclusive, no.2 2020, Dag Hammarskjöld Foundation
• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda Through SDG 16+: Anchoring Peace, Justice and Inclusion, p. 78.

10. DATA AND STATISTICS THROUGH OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL SOURCES

• SDG16 Data Initiative (2019). The SDG16 Data Initiative Global Report, 4.
• SDG16 Data Initiative. Home page. Retrieved 4 August 2020.
• To this end, NSOs are increasingly becoming the custodians for online platforms that track SDG progress at national levels (see case study).
• The Praia Group. (2020). Handbook on Governance Statistics, p. 22. International Institute for Sustainable Development.
• Institute for Economics & Peace (2019). SDG 16+ Progress Report 2019: A Comprehensive Global Audit Of Progress On Available SDG 16 Indicators, p. 3.
• UNDESA, International IDEA, & IDLO (2019). Conference in preparation for HLPF2019 – SDG16 Conference: Peace, Justice Inclusive Societies, p. 5.
• Overcoming the data gap on SDG 16: Tools and Approaches to accelerating data collection and reporting on SDG 16 (sdg16hub.org)
• CSW64 2020/Beijing+25
• United Nations Department Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) (2019). Handbook for the Preparation of the Voluntary National Reviews (VNRs) 2019 Edition, 15.
• Institute for Economics & Peace (2019). SDG 16+ Progress Report 2019: A Comprehensive Global Audit Of Progress On Available SDG 16 Indicators, p. 4.
• The Praia Group. (2020). Handbook on Governance Statistics, p.72 & p. 94.
• Institute for Economics & Peace (2019). SDG 16+ Progress Report 2019: A Comprehensive Global Audit Of Progress On Available SDG 16 Indicators, p. 42. .
• The Leave No One Behind Project was launched as a partnership of 12 international civil society organizations in 2017.
• United Nations Office of the High Commissioner on Human Rights. Technical Guidance Note on SDG Indicator 16.1.2 Number of conflict-related deaths per 100,000 population, by sex, age and cause, p. 3.
• Dutch National Statistics Office: Praia Group Handbook.
• Transparency International Rwanda. (2019). Corruption Effects on The Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals.
• The research instrument, in the form of a questionnaire and accompany methodology, can be found here.
• Transparency International. (2018). Corruption and the Sustainable Development Goals: Parallel Reporting Tool for 16.4, 16.5, 16.6 and 16.10.
• A selection of narrative reports can be found here.
• Laberge, M. (2019). Review of Transparency International’s SDG 16 Parallel Reporting Tool
  Transparency International. 
• UN Stats. IAEG-SDGs: Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators, Mandate and Membership.
• UK data for the Sustainable Development Goals. (n.d.). 17 goals to transform our world.
• Department for International Development. (2019). Follow-up on the UK’s Voluntary National Review process and next steps.

11.‌ ‌THE‌ ‌ROLE‌ ‌OF‌ ‌DEVELOPMENT‌ ‌AGENCIES,‌ ‌INTERNATIONAL‌ ‌FINANCIAL‌ ‌INSTITUTIONS,‌ ‌AND‌ ‌INTERNATIONAL‌ ‌ORGANIZATIONS‌ ‌IN‌ ‌SUPPORTING‌ ‌SDG‌ ‌16‌ ‌AND‌ ‌THE‌ ‌VNRS‌

• A country’s VNR, as linked to NDPs and COVID recovery priorities, and based on inclusive, multi-stakeholder processes, offers clear direction in how to best support SDG 16 implementation at national and subnational levels.
• Civil society and local actors should be prioritized and local donor delegations should see themselves as fully vested and full-fledged stakeholders in the VNR process.
• Particular attention should be paid to addressing short-term financing, earmarking, and politicized commitments.
• OECD (2018). States of Fragility Report.
• SG 2021 report: — SDG Indicators (un.org)
• United Nations. Priorities: Prevention Secretary-General. Retrieved August 04, 2020.
• United Nations; World Bank. (2018) Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict, p. 3. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO
• Task Force on Justice
• Signé L., Sow M., & Madden M. (2020). Illicit financial flows in Africa Drivers, destinations, and policy options [Policy Brief], p. 3. Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings Institute.
• UN: Africa Renewal (2020). Challenges: The Global Dilemma of Illicit Financial Flows: Time for Collective Action.
• United Nations (2019). United Nations Secretary-General’s Roadmap for Financing the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 2019-2021, p. 6.
• United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) (2019). United Nations World Public Sector Report 2019 Sustainable Development Goal 16: Focus on public institutions, p. xiii.
• OECD (2018). States of Fragility 2018, p. 7.
• Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict (GPPAC) (2020). GPPAC calls for an inclusive, people-centred peacebuilding response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) (2020). Press Release: UNDP, UNOPS, UNICEF, Islamic Development Bank and the Government of Cameroon join forces to fight the COVID-19 pandemic.
• UN/DESA Policy Brief #85: Impact of COVID-19: perspective from Voluntary National Reviews
• The UN Framework for the Socio-Economic Response to COVID-19 brings the UN specialized agencies and funds and programs together around an agreed set of priorities and mechanisms to support countries with a consolidated UN national response and recovery plan that complements national recovery planning.
• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the implementation of the 2030 Agenda through SDG16+: Anchoring peace, justice and inclusion
• United Nations Development Programme (2017). Joint SDG Fund. Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office Gateway.
• UNDESA (2019). Report of the Secretary-General on SDG Progress 2019 Special Edition (Rep.), p. 23. UNDESA (2019).
• The World Bank (2020). Group Strategy for Fragility, Conflict, and Violence 2020–2025, p. 2.
• Open Government Partnership. OGP Multi-Donor Trust Fund.
• United Nations. Spotlight Initiative.
• United Nations. United Nations Peacebuilding Fund.
• The SDG Financing Lab.
• OECD (2018). States of Fragility 2018, p. & p.65.
• Civil Society Platform for Peacebuilding and Statebuilding (CSPPS) (2020). Reporting for the Future: Final Report Ready for Review 2019.
• Andersson, D. (2019). A Profile of the SDG16+ Community: An Independent Study. Retrieved from the SDG16 Hub.

12. ALIGNING VNRS WITH OTHER REPORTING AND REVIEW MECHANISMS

• Powell, J. (2020). Implementing SDG 16+ Through the Open Government Partnership. Open Government Partnership.
• Global Alliance (2019). Enabling the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda Through SDG 16+: Anchoring Peace, Justice and Inclusion, 48.
• Government of Canada, D. (2020). Home Page – Department of Justice. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
• Open Government Partnership (2015). Joint Declaration on Open Government for the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
• Council of Europe. 16 Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels. Council of Europe Contribution to the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals.
• Council of Europe. B Country-specific monitoring of the implementation of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities.
• UN Office of Drugs and Crime. (2003). United Nations Convention against Corruption.
• CSW64 / Beijing+25 (2020): Commission on the Status of Women. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 August 2020.

13. VNR Design for Post-VNR Implementation and Subsequent Reporting
Produced by Joern Geisselmann, Partners for Review

• Global Right to Information Rating. COVID-19 Tracker
• Youth 4 Peace (2019). Rome Youth Call-to-Action: Promoting and Supporting Youth Inclusive and Youth-Led SDG16 Implementation, Monitoring and Accountability.
• The UN defines ‘youth’ as people between 15 and 24 years of age for statistical purposes. However, various definitions of youth are used by UN entities, Member States and organizations and this resource considers these definitions without prejudice. Given definitional complexity, this resource uses ‘youth’ and ‘young people’ interchangeably.
• Youth 4 Peace and UN Inter-Agency Network on Youth Development (2019). Guiding Principles For Supporting Young People as Critical Agents of Change in the 2030 Agenda.
• Youth, Peace & Security and UNFPA (2018). The Missing Peace.
• UN OHCHR (2018). Youth and Human Rights Report of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
• Specific recommendations from young people for more inclusive, national follow-up, review and accountability processes with sufficient time for engagement can be found in the 2020 Believe in Better report by ActionAid.
• The Danish Youth Council (2019). Meaningful youth participation towards 2030 and beyond.
• Kindornay, S. and Gendron, R. (2020). Progressing National SDG Implementation: An independent assessment of the voluntary national review reports submitted to the UN HLPF in 2019. Ottawa: Canadian council for International Cooperation. Progressing National SDGs Implementation: An independent assessment of the Voluntary National Review reports submitted to the United Nations High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development in 2019 | Save the Children’s Resource Centre
• Tanzania, M. (2019). Leave NO youth behind: The National SDGs Youth consultation workshop to inform the Voluntary National Review (VNR) of the United Republic of Tanzania.
• ActionAid’s 2020 Believe in Better report, and based on examples from Bangladesh, Zimbabwe, and Zambia.
• African Youth SDGs Summit (webpage).
• UNDP Global Alliance (2019). Global Alliance Report Shares Three Key Findings on SDG16+. SDG Knowledge Hub by IISD.
• United Nations – World Youth Report (WYR) | United Nations For Youth
• Youth and peace and security – Report of the Secretary-General (S/2020/167) [EN/AR/RU] – World | ReliefWeb
• UNDP (2016). Critical agents of change in the 2030 Agenda.